Organizational theory is one way that experts can study productivity and efficiency within businesses and bureaucracies. Organizational development refers to efforts directed towards improving the capabilities of the entire organization. This refers to the process of aligning strategies, structures, people, rewards, metrics as well as management processes. The subject of this final paper refers to the analysis of modern organizational design and contemporary organizational trends. It is structurally divided into six interconnected chapters. Classical organizational theory, neoclassical organizational theory, modern organizational theory and postmodern organizational theory are analyzed. Furthermore, the development of the organization, the goals of the development of the organization, the characteristics of the development of the organization and the stages of the development of the organization are analyzed. The following is a classification of contemporary trends in the organization, i.e. dynamic stability of the organization, organizational Darwinism, orientation of the organization to the main or core business, externalization of the organization's activities, networking, globalization of business, changes in production, lean production, total quality management and reengineering of business processes. Finally, the importance and characteristics of a learning organization, the concept and definition of organizational culture, and the development and nurturing of organizational culture for the purpose of changing organizational culture are analyzed.